Avignon France
Unveiling the Rich History and Cultural Charms of the "City of Popes"
by Celeste Lipford and Terry Lipford - last updated on 11/15/2024
We were onboard a Viking River Cruise on the River Rhone (click here to view our Trip Overview Page), and
Avignon was one of the initial stops of the cruise.
Avignon, nicknamed 'City of Popes' because it was home to seven popes from 1309 to 1377, as well as being located in an area where the Roman Empire constructed numerous buildings, arenas, and other facilities in, is an interesting place to start this trip.
But I think that it would make far more sense for me to create this trip blog in the manner in which Viking River Cruises does it - to generate a "day by day" narration of where we were, what took place, and what our thoughts were, so lets switch to that format.
As I previously described, this was our "arrival day" and as we were in the first wave of arriving passengers, we had to wait a bit for our cabins to be cleaned and prepared. Viking has what they call an "embarkation buffet" from 11AM to 3PM, so that everyone who arrives can entertain themselves with food or drink until their cabins are ready to be occupied.
Our game plan is always the same, we unpack, get a 1.5 or so hour nap, wake & shower, and then go out and hike in order to get as tired as possible (although, we generally take 1/2 of a sleep aid to insure that we get a full night's sleep) so that the first nights in Europe are not a "sleepless" event! This approach works quite well for us, as we have always had good results in jet-lag removal.
Keep in mind that this day's exploration, was really more about us getting tired and being able to walk about this ancient city, and not about "visiting" any specific Avignon sites.
Avignon Palace History Timeline 3D Map
The Palace of the Popes in Avignon, France, is one of the most significant Gothic buildings in Europe and has a fascinating history rooted in the medieval church's politics. Built in the 14th century, it served as the seat of the Papacy for nearly 70 years during the Avignon Papacy (1309-1377), when seven successive popes resided in Avignon instead of Rome due to political instability in Italy.
The construction of the palace began under Pope Benedict XII in 1335 and was expanded by his successors, particularly Pope Clement VI, who made the palace an opulent symbol of papal power. The site was chosen for its defensibility, built on a rocky outcrop, and the palace reflects this with its fortress-like walls. It is divided into the "Old Palace" (built by Benedict XII) and the "New Palace" (constructed by Clement VI), blending both religious and military architecture.
By the late 14th century, the popes returned to Rome, but the palace continued to play a role in European history, later used as a fortress and barracks. Today, it stands as a UNESCO World Heritage site and a major tourist attraction, showcasing both the political and cultural power the medieval papacy wielded.
Key features include grand frescoed halls, the Pope’s private apartments, and the Chapel of St. Martial. The palace’s imposing architecture and its connection to this pivotal moment in church history make it a must-see for visitors interested in Gothic art and medieval Europe.
NOTE: If you are interested in a more comprehensive history of the Palace, you should read the Wikipedia Article as it contains quite a bit more info, images, etc.
Exploring the City of Avignon Map
The Palais des Papes is an historical palace located in Avignon, Southern France. It is one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe. Once a fortress and palace, the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century. Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais, leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334, Clement VI in 1342, Innocent VI in 1352, Urban V in 1362, Gregory XI in 1370 and the Anti-pope Benedict XIII in 1394.
The disagreements within the Catholic Church that led to the "Western Schism" are diverse. Pope Gregory XI actually returned the Papacy to Rome in 1377, but when he died in 1378, Church politics led to a serious dispute and the era of the "anti-popes" began. If you are interested in reading more about this time frame, please go to this Wikipedia Page to read about the history of the Western Schism.
More Info for the City of Avignon
Image Credits:
- The above image is the property of Jean-Marc Rosier via Wikipedia using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
- All other images (unless otherwise noted) are the property of Just Traveling Thru, LLC.
Papal Palace Walls: Two Buildings
The Palais is actually two joined buildings: the old palais of Benedict XII, which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms, and the new palais of Clement VI, the most extravagant of the Avignon popes. Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages, it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style. The construction design was the work of two of France’s best architects, Pierre Peysson and Jean de Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena (Italy), Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti.
Papal Palace: Size
With 15,000 square metres (160,000 sq ft) of floor space, the Palais is the largest Gothic palace in all of Europe and, due to its many architectural merits, one of the most important in the world. These merits were highlighted by Viollet-le-Duc, author of “Dictionnaire raisonné de l’architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle” (Dictionary of French architecture from the 11th to the 16th century), who referred extensively to the Palais, including the thickness and height of its towers, the strength of its crenelated walls, the use of arcs for support on its façades and its ability to withstand heavy and drawn-out sieges.
A Pope's View of Avignon from inside the Palace
Not sure if you can see the difference, but that is hand-blown glass in an original leaded-in window. It was interesting to see the view and ponder how many Popes had looked out at the city in the same way.
Palace Courtyards
Papal Palace Interior Courtyard
Pope Urban V completed the main courtyard (known as the Court d'Honneur) with further buildings enclosing it.
Papal Palace Central Courtyard
Central Courtyard at Palace of the Popes in Avignon. The fountain at left was formerly the site of Pope John XXII's Audience Chamber.
The Grand Chapel
Pope Clement VI built this 52 meter long Grand Chapel to serve as the location for papal acts of worship. The Grand Chapel is where the Pope worshipped daily, so this would be the heart of Roman Catholicism.
In & Around Avignon
Papal Palace Entrance
This is the main public entrance into the Palace, incredible structure isn't it?
The Palace is a historical and architectural landmark and primarily a tourist attraction, attracting around 650,000 visitors per annum, putting it regularly in the top ten most visited attractions in France. It also houses a large convention centre and the archives of the département of Vaucluse, which include a research centre on the papacy of Avignon, organized jointly by the École française de Rome and the institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes.
Avignon City Walls
The city is surrounded by 4.3 miles of walls that were obviously built to keep people out ! Considering the age of these walls, they are in very good condition. I have no idea of what may have happened here during the 20th century world wars.
The city walls are 4,300 meters in length, and were originally 8 meters high, fitted out with crenellations and machicolations. The city walls are reinforced by 35 great towers and 50 smaller ones. Seven gates allowed the city entrance, they are now fourteen. Waters from Durance and Sorgue rivers supplied the moat.
Street Artists of Avignon
There were a number of street performers in the square adjacent to the Palace, all of them competing for contributions from tourists.
Quick Review of the Day's Game Plan
I was relating some historical facts to my in-laws, and they were taking it all in. Or it may have been that we were considering heading back to the cruise ship for lunch? Whatever it was, we worked it out while Celeste snuck in a picture of us yakking.
Avignon Street Scene
Because this was still day one of our Viking Cruise, and probably because we were all still a bit jet lagged and tired of sitting, we did quite a bit of hiking around the city. Found an espresso shop and all of us enjoyed a good French espresso and some pastries.
Pont Saint-Bénézet
This is the Pont Saint-Bénézet, one of the original Avignon bridges (construction commenced in 1177), which used to link the Papal Palace (which is just to the right of the bridge) to the west bank of the River Rhône.
Repeated River Rhône floods tore down this bridge, and finally Avignon decided to just leave it as a partial bridge and not to keep rebuilding it.
Click here to read the Wikipedia Page for Pont Saint-Bénézet.
Viking Heimdal at Dock
Meanwhile, the Viking Heimdal is moored and waiting for our return. You can't see it in this picture, but the Avignon City Walls are just to the left of the ship in this picture. Viking used (at least then they did) a mooring dock just south of the Pont Édouard Daladier.
Some Useful Links for Avignon
- Just Traveling Thru European Travel Tips
- Just Traveling Thru Travel Planning Tips
- Avignon History on the 'Britannica' Site
- Things to see & do see in Avignon on the 'Crazy Tourist' Site
- The Top 10 Things To Do And See In Avignon on the 'Culture Trip' site
- Google Search Results list for "Restaurants in Avignon"
- Google Search Results list for "Accommodations in Avignon"
- Google places to shop in Avignon
- Avignon City Walking Tour & Palace Entry from the "Get Your Guide" Site
- Visit our Youtube Channel
- Avignon Wikipedia Article
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